tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35369563021525950662024-03-13T03:28:23.716-07:00Diary of a Jardin Paysan Day to day life in a French country garden as we try to live in harmony with nature; fruit and vegetables, trees and flowers, hens and bees, seasonal recipes and ideas for living a simpler life.L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.comBlogger38125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-28212053844478905352021-05-26T03:10:00.001-07:002021-05-26T03:11:07.515-07:00Oh deer
<b>The blog is moving</b><br /><br />
<b>We are moving to www.jardinpaysan.com</b><br />
From today The French Garden will be moving to its own website called Jardin Paysan. If you want to keep receiving new updates and enjoy a much more attractive and more flexible website please visit Jardin Paysan where you can subscribe to our newsletters. These will be e-mailed to you on a monthly basis from now on if you subscribe to them. Otherwise you can dip in and out of the page and see what is new whenever you want to. The link to follow is: <br /> <br />
www.jardinpaysan.com<a href="www.jardinpaysan.com"></a><br /><br />
Meanwhile here in the garden the latest project has been to tackle the growing problem of deer damage. <br /><br />
We have always had a problem with deer because they roam locally, live in the woods beyond our neighbouring vines and, last year, even at the bottom of our own garden. There are benefits – we had the pleasure of watching a doe rear her two fawns in 2020, but there are disadvantages too. They can cause tremendous damage to plants. They eat young shoots and leaves, nibble rose buds and, in worst case scenarios, completely ring young trees by stripping them of bark. The layer which is responsible for the passage of nutrients within a tree is just underneath the bark, so once the bark has been stripped away the tree will die above that point. <br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lSXJ7wckOng/YK4dDcDzBhI/AAAAAAAAYDI/FSRVcoAfNT4Ji-LhwBh5IpjAyBtIMB4sACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Ginkgo_biloba_showing_deer_damage.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lSXJ7wckOng/YK4dDcDzBhI/AAAAAAAAYDI/FSRVcoAfNT4Ji-LhwBh5IpjAyBtIMB4sACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Ginkgo_biloba_showing_deer_damage.jpg"/></a></div><br /><br />
Over the last 12 months the problem has increased dramatically because winter 2019/2020 was very mild – leading to improved deer survival rates. Then, during the first lockdown, hunting was curtailed and less deer were culled. The local chasse (village hunt) has a quota of the various species of wildlife it is allowed hunt and kill each year. This, along with the dates of the hunting season for each species, is strictly regulated; the purpose being to use local hunts to help manage the wildlife population and try and maintain some sort of balance. This plan collapsed over the last year, which partly explains the big increase in the adult deer population around us.
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I do my best to discourage deer from attacking individual plants by hanging bags of human hair of them. It does look faintly ridiculous, but it seems to work. They scent a human presence and move away to another plant – hopefully one better able to stand their advances. On Monday evening I sewed a dozen open ended bags, which is simple to do as I don’t bother with hemming raw edges. I use muslin as I feel that it is thin enough to allow as much “human smell” to escape as possible, and it weathers in quite well. The bag measures about 8cmx16cm with one open end into which I stuff the hair. I then tie it up with a piece of string leaving long ends of string to attach the bag to the plant. These are renewed annually, usually in about April. I get the hair from my local hairdresser who knew exactly what I wanted it for when I first asked for a bag of hair sweepings. <br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z_qgCXHvoJE/YK4dOyNfgJI/AAAAAAAAYDM/-SGLO7xWUU8xDhy7tHS8XIsrn1ZGB5POgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Olive_jar_and_bird_cage.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z_qgCXHvoJE/YK4dOyNfgJI/AAAAAAAAYDM/-SGLO7xWUU8xDhy7tHS8XIsrn1ZGB5POgCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Olive_jar_and_bird_cage.jpg"/></a></div><br /><br />
<b>Can you help?</b><br />
If anyone reading this knows of other natural or non-invasive remedies for dealing with garden pests please let me know as I would like to put together a list of them. On the new website you can do this via the “chat” button at the bottom left-hand corner or by contacting me via the About Us page.<br /><br />
So….. see you next time in the Jardin Paysan and thank you for following this blog since 2010.
L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-52605853109835025522021-05-11T05:07:00.007-07:002021-05-11T05:10:01.377-07:00The Chicken Diaries - May 2021<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sqQ5ZryvHxc/YJpt3peDm0I/AAAAAAAAYA8/lddSn7erfIs-fJHIp2JKhfEo91ylVDP4wCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Three_French_hens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1454" data-original-width="2048" height="457" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sqQ5ZryvHxc/YJpt3peDm0I/AAAAAAAAYA8/lddSn7erfIs-fJHIp2JKhfEo91ylVDP4wCLcBGAsYHQ/w643-h457/Three_French_hens.jpg" width="643" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">Three French hens....Little Grey Hen, Chicken and Egg. Dil was away kicking seven bells out of another part of the garden</span></i></div><br /><p></p><span style="color: #990000; font-size: medium;"><b>The arrival of three tea cosies with little fluffy feet….. </b></span><div><br /></div><div>We have kept poultry on a small scale for many years – and some very happy memories are of our children rearing chicks and ducklings of all sorts of shapes and sizes, but consistently my favourite breed of hen has been the Pekin bantam.
This little hen is pretty to look at – resembling a tea cosy with fluffy feet, the breed is wonderful, with fiercely protective mothers and a good temperament (although we have had one notably aggressive cockerel who even decided that it was worth picking a fight with a tractor). They are also good news for gardeners – I have found them to be the least destructive hen in the garden. So – it was with absolute delight that, a few days ago, I received an early birthday present; a trio of black mottled Pekin bantams. </div><div><br /></div><div>A trio is a very traditional way of buying poultry and at poultry fairs you will frequently find that hens are sold this way. It consists of a cockerel and two hens – of the same breed, obviously. If you are considering starting to rear hens a trio is a good way to begin because it is a manageable number to accommodate, they only need a small hen house and, if you want to take the leap into chick production you have everything you need. Never be tempted to buy just one hen - they are exceptionally social birds and need friends. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P0HeXc32wDE/YJpup5n_BSI/AAAAAAAAYBE/QfOT189vxK0Yb0E47nWm4D2TkZz7YwcuACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Pekins%2B-%2Bmoving%2Bin%2Bday.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="2048" height="422" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P0HeXc32wDE/YJpup5n_BSI/AAAAAAAAYBE/QfOT189vxK0Yb0E47nWm4D2TkZz7YwcuACLcBGAsYHQ/w618-h422/Pekins%2B-%2Bmoving%2Bin%2Bday.jpg" width="618" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">Our three new bantams cautiously inspecting their new house</span></i></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: #990000; font-size: medium;">An introduction to the egg laying team</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div>We already had four hens – enough to give us plenty of eggs for our own use with some left over to give to friends. Each hen is different, so we can tell them apart and so their eggs also vary and we know who has laid what. The oldest is called Little Grey Hen and she is now about 3 years old – and had just about given up laying eggs until we introduced some new hens into the team last year. With their arrival she took on a new lease of life and lays about one light brown egg every three days or so. </div><div><br /></div><div>Last year we bought two hens or pullets (the English name for young hens at “point of lay” (i.e. at the point in their lives when they are old enough to start laying eggs). They are both brown – one a plain brown and the other resembling a Welsummer (another favourite of ours for its temperament and lovely brown eggs). We called them Chicken and Egg – Egg, appropriately enough, started laying eggs first. </div><div><br /></div><div>Our children came out to stay in the summer and bought us two more as a surprise – these were grey hens. They resemble Marans, a French breed of hen, with one darker than the other so that we could tell them apart. The children called them Dil and Do (don’t ask – nothing to do with me). Sadly Do, who was the light coloured one, was eaten by a predator after about six months but Dil remains with us and lays enormous eggs. She is huge, a bit bossy towards the others and with a tendancy to fly out of their hen run. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3gYvvOexNIs/YJpvP0dl1oI/AAAAAAAAYBM/eGDWM7jR-I8E6mTkxG0DoUCrp3sHkdONwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1546/Best_friends.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1238" data-original-width="1546" height="526" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3gYvvOexNIs/YJpvP0dl1oI/AAAAAAAAYBM/eGDWM7jR-I8E6mTkxG0DoUCrp3sHkdONwCLcBGAsYHQ/w658-h526/Best_friends.jpg" width="658" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">Best of friends - Dil, once she got over the sad loss of Do became besties with Little Grey Hen</span></i></div><div><br /></div><div>Little Grey Hen, Chicken, Egg and Dil have brought a lot of fun into our lives but have also created havoc in the garden. The potager and soft fruit gardens are fenced off, so they can’t get in there and the orchard is safe but the ornamental flower garden started to resemble a battle ground. They would rush over to where I was working (or had been recently) and attack the earth as though they were taking part in a gold rush. They threw the soil onto the grass, ate all the worms and - quelle horreur – pulled up anything recently planted. Then, in dry weather – to make matters worse, they would settle down into the soil and create great huge hollows where they had given themselves a dust bath. One of us had to go – me or them.</div><div><br /></div><div>Happily we reached a compromise and the four working girls, as I call them, are now confined to their hen house and run. They have plenty of space to run around in and we make a point of giving them interesting food to eat and stuff to scratch around in. From time to time – when we are around to watch them – we will let them into the garden for a treat. Most importantly, after a few days of confusion, egg laying is back up to its usual quota, so they must be content. </div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #990000; font-size: medium;"><b>A birthday treat for me</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>However – we missed the company of little fluffy friends to talk to as we worked in the garden – and so my birthday present arrived early. We bought our trio, an impulse purchase, at Jardiland near Bergerac where they sell certificated, pure breed hens. We already had a suitable small henhouse (an ark – which is combined house and run) which we brought from the UK years ago and the paraphernalia needed to dispense water and food – plus plenty of straw for bedding, plus the actual food itself, of course. Our trio came home with us in two cardboard boxes – the hens in one and the cockerel in the other. They moved into their new house that evening and immediately all became firm friends. </div><div><br /></div><div>At 7am the next morning we were woken up by Bertie Buttons (the cockerel) crowing his heart out – he has made himself at home. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eUgIfCos8fg/YJpv4iqLtUI/AAAAAAAAYBU/o4ob8qA2BrIpunalgbhSo8yXOFAPoew1gCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Einstein%2B2010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="322" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eUgIfCos8fg/YJpv4iqLtUI/AAAAAAAAYBU/o4ob8qA2BrIpunalgbhSo8yXOFAPoew1gCLcBGAsYHQ/w429-h322/Einstein%2B2010.jpg" width="429" /></a></div><div><br /></div><span style="color: #990000;"><i>This is Einstein, named after his hair do. He is part Polish and part we know not what. He left us to live in style at a manoir in the Lot et Garonne. Polish hens have a distinctive top knot and are generally very friendly.<br /></i></span><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #990000; font-size: medium;"><b> A short glossary of chicken related terms: </b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>🐓Hen – La poule </div><div>🐓Cockerel – Le coq </div><div>🐓Laying hen (i.e. one which is old enough to lay eggs) - La poule pondeuse</div><div>🐓Hen house – Le poulallier </div><div>🐓Egg – L’œuf (masculine) </div><div>🐓Poultry – La volaille </div><div>🐓Pullet (i.e. young bird) - La poulette or le poulet </div><div><i>(Not to be confused with “le froussard” which means “chicken” in the sense of “coward”) </i></div><div>🐓Point of lay (i.e. just reaching the age at which they will start to lay eggs) – De la ponte
</div>L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-19597796829586132852021-04-30T02:18:00.037-07:002021-05-08T03:37:44.043-07:00A few things to do in the garden in May<p> </p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h2><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n4nnTUApOhM/YIvKoxr_pDI/AAAAAAAAX6c/-7bnY2fawCAWvSYz-4AANsTHW8O2sCWeQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1621/watering-cans-and-Convolvulus.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1621" height="370" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n4nnTUApOhM/YIvKoxr_pDI/AAAAAAAAX6c/-7bnY2fawCAWvSYz-4AANsTHW8O2sCWeQCLcBGAsYHQ/w556-h370/watering-cans-and-Convolvulus.jpg" width="556" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Watering cans and the plants that depend upon them.</i></div></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: #04ff00;">Tender plants can be moved outside</span></b> </div><div><br /></div><div>Depending on where you live in France, at some point in May your tender plants can be safely moved outside. Where I live, in SW France, the latest frost I have known was around 26th April one year – which was catastrophic for vignerons – so I start to harden off plants in the last week in April and then move them out into their permanent positions at the beginning of May. If you live up a mountain, in the middle of the Massif Central or in a notorious frost pocket then you may need to delay this by a couple of weeks.
Hardening off simply means gradually acclimatising plants to colder outdoor temperatures. I do this by first moving them to a sheltered spot outside during the day and bringing them in at night. I then move them to a more exposed spot during the day and move them back to the sheltered outdoor spot at night. This all takes about a week after which I feel that the plants are sufficiently acclimatised to go outside into their permanent position (but I always have some fleece handy for the most delicate plants for a few extra weeks – just in case). A sudden frost can be a killer, but equally likely to do serious damage is a sudden, heavy downpour or – worse – hailstorm. Young plants still trying to establish themselves or still in pots can be destroyed by a five-minute flash storm. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: #04ff00;">Summer vegetables can be sown with confidence</span></b> </div><div><br /></div><div>Once risk of frost has passed you can also sow all of your summer vegetables – beetroot, summer salads, French beans, maincrop peas and mangetouts, sweetcorn and – dare I say it – this is probably your last chance this year for sowing winter leafy vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, winter cabbages and cauliflowers. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W-FBBzQm5M0/YIvD21sJngI/AAAAAAAAX5k/JosXoKILfnwAg9mxa9PHap1Wn8ySnsbuQCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Blog-8.5.17IMG_299.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="528" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W-FBBzQm5M0/YIvD21sJngI/AAAAAAAAX5k/JosXoKILfnwAg9mxa9PHap1Wn8ySnsbuQCLcBGAsYHQ/w396-h528/Blog-8.5.17IMG_299.jpg" width="396" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Remove the tops of your broad beans if they are infested with black fly</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: #04ff00;">Prune spring flowering shrubs</span></b> </div><div><br /></div><div>Shrubs which flower before the end of June should be pruned immediately after flowering as, next year, they will flower on this summer’s growth. So now is the time to prune Forsythia, Ribes (flowering currants) early flowering shrubby honeysuckles (such as Lonicera fragrantissima and, if you have not already done it, winter flowering jasmine. </div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: #04ff00;">Roses</span></b> </div><div><br /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;">In most areas of France roses hit their peak in May. Flowering takes a lot of strength out of the rose, so once that first flush is over give them a good feed with a proprietary brand of rose food, tomato food (which tends to be cheaper), liquid seaweed or a home-made fertiliser made using comfrey. If you do not want to keep the seed heads then dead head your roses regularly. This stops energy going into seed head production and also promotes successional flowering. Some roses (such as Rosa moyesii) have ornamental rosehips so do not deadhead them as they will make an important contribution to your autumn garden.</div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pPGBana0sdg/YIwCRCGlJ7I/AAAAAAAAX6s/Ba50tceNgNYQqY-QvuleocS63HhG1NbPQCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Pierre_de_Ronsart.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="365" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pPGBana0sdg/YIwCRCGlJ7I/AAAAAAAAX6s/Ba50tceNgNYQqY-QvuleocS63HhG1NbPQCLcBGAsYHQ/w548-h365/Pierre_de_Ronsart.jpeg" width="548" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><i>Pierre de Ronsard on a south-east facing wall</i><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CzrTTrtF15Y/YIvDb0AJSRI/AAAAAAAAX5c/wlenvjAwBFAcgO34ViGuNw5cFfGOfdorACLcBGAsYHQ/s727/Screenshot%2B2021-04-30%2Bat%2B10.41.53.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><br /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #04ff00;"><b>Weed </b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>May usually has that combination of wet weather and warmth which promotes leafy growth and nothing seems to grow faster than a weed – so weed often, especially after rain when the ground is soft and you are actually able to get the little menaces out of the ground by the roots. In dry weather I can end up resorting to pulling the top off a deeply embedded weed which at least checks future growth and removes potential seedheads before they can do their damage. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TQNVVdWIISo/YIwCol115CI/AAAAAAAAX60/-Hh8ShQJvFQB6rWNxkyNLSl41sHX0ApfwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Weeds-By-The-BArrowload.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TQNVVdWIISo/YIwCol115CI/AAAAAAAAX60/-Hh8ShQJvFQB6rWNxkyNLSl41sHX0ApfwCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Weeds-By-The-BArrowload.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Weeds by the barrowload.</i></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #04ff00;"><b>Deadhead herbaceous perennials </b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>This will encourage the plant to continue flowering. A plant’s purpose each year is to flower and set seed, thus creating offspring. Once it has done that it has no further need to flower. If you remove spent flowers before they are able to set seed you oblige the plant to flower again – and again – as it attempts to create and set seeds. </div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #04ff00;"><b>Spring bulbs</b></span> </div><div><br /></div><div>You can also remove the remaining leaves from spring bulbs once they are all brown (but not before). As far as pots of tulips are concerned, I remove the seed-heads as soon as the petals fall and then move the pots to an unobtrusive corner of the garden. Once the leaves have all died back I lift the bulbs from the soil and store them in a cool, dark, mouse free place until the end of the autumn, when I replant them in the ground – either in a flower bed or in rough grass. I use the spent soil as a mulch over areas of heavy clay soil to help condition it. </div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #04ff00;"><b>Water</b></span> </div><div><br /></div><div>Finally – if May turns out to be a scorcher – don’t forget to water whenever necessary. Plants in pots are like pets – they are entirely dependent on you for sustenance. Without regular food and water they will die.</div><div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_4i3t2JSmrs/YIvFNzv_xNI/AAAAAAAAX6E/Sw35YcH_I-o4wYTxrN8sKllbmi1ObInBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_7466.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1585" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_4i3t2JSmrs/YIvFNzv_xNI/AAAAAAAAX6E/Sw35YcH_I-o4wYTxrN8sKllbmi1ObInBwCLcBGAsYHQ/w591-h458/IMG_7466.jpeg" width="591" /></a></div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Blooming in a garden new you now - irises in profusion. This one is called Susan.</i></div>L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-23278173818564885212021-04-23T03:43:00.001-07:002021-05-08T03:40:13.137-07:00<p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #04ff00; font-size: x-large;">Nightmare scenario in the garden</span></p><p><span style="color: #04ff00; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WX7M8IXC1E4/YIKewX8VswI/AAAAAAAAX3w/8z9DLV_aPmYUGn3Nsh-JJSXOGb8Dopf2QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1066/Screenshot%2B2021-04-23%2Bat%2B11.35.32.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="1066" height="428" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WX7M8IXC1E4/YIKewX8VswI/AAAAAAAAX3w/8z9DLV_aPmYUGn3Nsh-JJSXOGb8Dopf2QCLcBGAsYHQ/w565-h428/Screenshot%2B2021-04-23%2Bat%2B11.35.32.png" width="565" /></a></div><p></p><p>Recently I was given some geraniums by a friend. I dug them up from their garden and planted them in mine. </p><p>A few weeks later I noticed some leaves emerging which were different to those of the imported plant. Luckily, having had experience of this particular plant before, I recognised it immediately. Ground elder - one of the most invasive weeds you can encounter and one which, once established, is almost impossible to eradicate. Urgent and rapid action was required.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O3FSAmcWmXE/YIKf5p8KL3I/AAAAAAAAX4E/YKEabh6gO3MLsGWcBcP1RCdbv2Q5SSjrACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_7359.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="403" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O3FSAmcWmXE/YIKf5p8KL3I/AAAAAAAAX4E/YKEabh6gO3MLsGWcBcP1RCdbv2Q5SSjrACLcBGAsYHQ/w537-h403/IMG_7359.jpeg" width="537" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Nightmare discovery - a stowaway hiding in the geranium</i></div><p></p><p><span style="color: #04ff00; font-size: large;">The only way to get rid of ground elder is to move house.....</span></p><p>This is an expression I was taught as a young gardener. And I don't want to have to move house. So - I dug the plant up along with a good chunk of surrounding soil and left the hole in the ground undisturbed so that I could check whether there was any remaining ground elder root hiding in the soil and waiting to sprout.</p><p><br /></p><p>Next, on a sheet of paper, so that nothing could fall from the plant onto the ground I carefully teased the plant and the root bundle apart. I was able to separate out several plantlets which, in the longer run, will should give me several vigorous young plants. </p><p><br /></p><p>I was also able to separate out the ground elder and was, frankly, staggered at the length and vigour of the root run. </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hc8dXl3uBdE/YIKfFTkKNCI/AAAAAAAAX38/TAd7hUGoUFsBvZt3LRx3cRi6rSbSHDF3gCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/B375CA05-9CBF-4FF1-9BDC-755B1464A89A.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="548" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hc8dXl3uBdE/YIKfFTkKNCI/AAAAAAAAX38/TAd7hUGoUFsBvZt3LRx3cRi6rSbSHDF3gCLcBGAsYHQ/w411-h548/B375CA05-9CBF-4FF1-9BDC-755B1464A89A.jpeg" width="411" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>The root run of the ground elder I found in the garden</i></p><p>The ground elder was burnt. Never, ever put it on your compost heap as it will thrive there. Apparently it is edible and was used for medicinal purposes in the past, but I think it would make me sick!! It is far better to forage for it in the wild than cultivate it in your garden.</p><p><br /></p><p>The geranium plantlets were all individually potted up and will remain in quarantine for several months - or until I am totally confident that there is no ground elder root hiding in the root bundle waiting to re-emerge.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ERIyFZe-vvY/YIKf5_In66I/AAAAAAAAX4I/yaPPYa3DotI7BG7UsM57Dj1su5zyKt8QgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_7365.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="407" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ERIyFZe-vvY/YIKf5_In66I/AAAAAAAAX4I/yaPPYa3DotI7BG7UsM57Dj1su5zyKt8QgCLcBGAsYHQ/w542-h407/IMG_7365.jpeg" width="542" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>Safely in "hotel quarantine" for a lot longer than two weeks</i></p><p><span style="color: #04ff00; font-size: large;">So here is today's lesson</span> - be very careful whenever you import plants from any source - even from a reputable nursery. Check the soil surrounding the plant in the pot and even tip the plant out of the pot to have a look at the roots. Never import plants from another country without following the correct procedures. You can buy plants and bulbs from a foreign nursery as long as it is reputable as the plant will have a phytosanitary certificate. If the plant does not have this certificate when you bring it into the EU it will be confiscated. Although this is frustrating, doubly so since Brexit as we are now severely restricted when it comes to bring plants here from the UK, it is good practice and must be followed. Even before Brexit we were strongly discouraged from taking plants to and from the UK.</p><p><br /></p><p>Ground Elder is small fry compared to such horrors as Dutch elm disease which was brought into the UK from Canada in the 1960 and subsequently decimated British elm trees and changed the landscape forever.</p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--7lzaQjIlMQ/YIKe3EarZMI/AAAAAAAAX30/U-TbS8Smfu0IQzf5m1sBfwdMaUykawxRgCLcBGAsYHQ/s430/Screenshot%2B2021-04-23%2Bat%2B12.00.14.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="362" data-original-width="430" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--7lzaQjIlMQ/YIKe3EarZMI/AAAAAAAAX30/U-TbS8Smfu0IQzf5m1sBfwdMaUykawxRgCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Screenshot%2B2021-04-23%2Bat%2B12.00.14.png" width="320" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><i>A dead elm tree - an iconic image of a devastated landscape</i></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>More recently mainland Europe has been ravaged by a bacterium called Xylella fastidiosa which attacks the plant's xylem ( the vessels within the plant which transport water and minerals from the soil to every part of the plant) destroying it. Once introduced, the bacterium is spread by sap ingesting insects, travels from plant to plant and has devastated iconic plants such as olive trees, rosemary, lavender and even grape vines. Never take plants back to the UK from France because you risk introducing this nightmare disease to the British Isles.<p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-40389884913326567092021-04-14T02:31:00.000-07:002021-04-14T02:31:00.794-07:00<p> <span style="color: #04ff00; font-size: large;">Little Fires Everywhere</span></p><p>No, this is not a journal about Celeste Ng's novel - it is a description of the vines and orchards surrounding the Jardin Paysan on several nights over the past week.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-22L6V4FBIdY/YHaw7bUp25I/AAAAAAAAX2I/hN9_N66gSfY3EcZ3AwKl4VLCqDjVgDBZgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Frost-pocket_protection.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="312" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-22L6V4FBIdY/YHaw7bUp25I/AAAAAAAAX2I/hN9_N66gSfY3EcZ3AwKl4VLCqDjVgDBZgCLcBGAsYHQ/w469-h312/Frost-pocket_protection.jpg" width="469" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>Tuesday morning's bale of hay still smouldering - plus another in place in case the temperature drops again</i></p><p><br /></p><p>Rural France has been hit with a perfect storm in terms of weather events. We had a wet winter, promoting growth, very warm weather in March, promoting precocious flowering and then, suddenly, over the last week, several nights where the temperature fell to below freezing. The result was described yesterday, by the French Minister of Agriculture (Didier Guillaume), as the biggest catastrophe to hit agriculture this century.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FyWJMZbYlkE/YHaw7aqeKdI/AAAAAAAAX2A/ehA6dLcTeckGaWZQjdUk1NVY05hLDTWqgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Cherry_blossom_after_frost.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="289" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FyWJMZbYlkE/YHaw7aqeKdI/AAAAAAAAX2A/ehA6dLcTeckGaWZQjdUk1NVY05hLDTWqgCLcBGAsYHQ/w433-h289/Cherry_blossom_after_frost.jpg" width="433" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Our cherry blossom doesn't look too promising</i></div><p></p><p><br /></p><p>The night before last I was woken at 5am by the sound of vine workers travelling to the vineyards where they set fire to bales of hay. These had been distributed among the vines in frost pockets ready to be lit just before dawn, which is the coldest time of the night. Cold air is heavier than warm and it rolls down a slope to collect in a pocket. This frost pocket can be at the bottom of a valley or it could be that something as simple as a hedge, bank or patch of woodland acts as a dam creating a lethal pool of freezing air. The smouldering bales were an attempt to warm the air and avert catastrophe. Wealthier vineyards, such as those in St Emilion and the Medoc, may employ special fans or burners or even helicopters to circulate the air, but such options are not possible for the ordinary vineyard.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DakRRG5Fnuw/YHaw8D_AnvI/AAAAAAAAX2M/A4rWbB3is4MVptZV7eteB_fSPeGoLoCRgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1417/Little_fires_everywhere.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="949" data-original-width="1417" height="291" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DakRRG5Fnuw/YHaw8D_AnvI/AAAAAAAAX2M/A4rWbB3is4MVptZV7eteB_fSPeGoLoCRgCLcBGAsYHQ/w435-h291/Little_fires_everywhere.jpg" width="435" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>Bales of hay being moved into place in readiness for Tuesday morning's frost</i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></p><p>Farmers, vignerons and gardeners know exactly where frost pockets are on their land and after a sudden frost you can often see a "frost line" below which a crop has perished because of the cold. This was most obvious to us a few years ago when there was a savage frost late in April. Travelling along the road below St Emilion we could see a virtual line on the hillside with brown vine leaves below it and healthy green ones above. It was so evident what had happened that in some places vines which were pruned to flower close to the ground were damaged whereas taller vines, pruned to flower higher above the ground, survived.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qpOFME7U3Y4/YHaw7cdoAoI/AAAAAAAAX2E/CTrGfbWtU6khZkaTJLCXp02a-aGOSWhRQCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Grapes_in_bud.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="293" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qpOFME7U3Y4/YHaw7cdoAoI/AAAAAAAAX2E/CTrGfbWtU6khZkaTJLCXp02a-aGOSWhRQCLcBGAsYHQ/w440-h293/Grapes_in_bud.jpg" width="440" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>The buds of grape flowers from a vine on higher ground - they look to have survived</i></p><p><br /></p><p>The upshot of this year's late frosts is that some grapes will have been lost plus the harvest of some soft fruit, especially apricots and cherries we are told, will be seriously diminished. This will be reflected in tough times for the agriculteurs concerned and higher prices in the shops for the rest of us. Some local growers of prunes d'Agen (see an earlier blog) have said that they are also facing a crisis.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i9kkqXmgAVI/YHayUFtFa_I/AAAAAAAAX24/WVXqVz0xXbYOtmplP3V9-B3xY7ovnq0ngCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Redcurrants.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="277" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i9kkqXmgAVI/YHayUFtFa_I/AAAAAAAAX24/WVXqVz0xXbYOtmplP3V9-B3xY7ovnq0ngCLcBGAsYHQ/w416-h277/Redcurrants.jpg" width="416" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Our redcurrants were fine</i></div><p><br /></p><p>In our garden we appear to have survived the worst. We are on a hillside and our frost pocket is in the wild garden, where shrubs and trees catch the air in one corner as it rolls downhill. The orchard and potager usually survive unscathed. We covered our potatoes with fleece and made sure that seedlings such as tomatoes and chillis were protected. I suspect that our cherry crop will be poor, but as for the rest - we will have to wait and see.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_t2zcUpk92o/YHax1If4pwI/AAAAAAAAX2s/ukhlCegZ0Lw1YBFsfjidncj2BscRceLGgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Pears.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="287" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_t2zcUpk92o/YHax1If4pwI/AAAAAAAAX2s/ukhlCegZ0Lw1YBFsfjidncj2BscRceLGgCLcBGAsYHQ/w431-h287/Pears.jpg" width="431" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><i>The pear tree had already set fruit which appear to have survived</i></p><p><br /></p>L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-38168303078888100992021-04-10T08:49:00.002-07:002021-04-10T08:49:23.240-07:00<p><span style="color: #04ff00; font-size: large;"> Tulip fever</span></p><p>Last year we re-purposed an old roll top bath which we could not sell (everyone said it was too big for their bathroom). It is now in our car-park where it adds year round interest - Christmas roses and snowdrops, then daffodils and tulips, a climbing hydrangea and, all year round, a varigated ivy. The theme tends to be very much green and white, but I added one or two of my favourite tulips to give a pop of colour in April.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s3buoDTpYDo/YHHBqxdDpmI/AAAAAAAAX0M/XZvLIl-bNQsif7TdnTXKCmcidw5cfA1awCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/66E7C4F7-277D-4FA6-BC50-6C2B8FB583F5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s3buoDTpYDo/YHHBqxdDpmI/AAAAAAAAX0M/XZvLIl-bNQsif7TdnTXKCmcidw5cfA1awCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/66E7C4F7-277D-4FA6-BC50-6C2B8FB583F5.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">We plant about a dozen tubs of tulips every year, bringing them out into the best space in the garden just as they are about to flower. Once spent I move them to a quiet corner, feed and water them until the foliage has died back and then dig up the bulbs. These are stored in paper bags until the late autumn when we plant them out and hope that they naturalise. It is surprising the impact a couple of pots of tulips can have when they are in the right place - here is a selection by our front door, along with succulents and two Convolvulus cneorum which are at the front in the stone tubs.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-csKbalIICFQ/YHHFG1juZ9I/AAAAAAAAX04/VG6B5jk1hSY6UFCZg3-_OM526aLLHYlogCLcBGAsYHQ/s1153/IMG_7295.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1032" data-original-width="1153" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-csKbalIICFQ/YHHFG1juZ9I/AAAAAAAAX04/VG6B5jk1hSY6UFCZg3-_OM526aLLHYlogCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/IMG_7295.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">There are hundreds of type of tulip and you can get lost in a catalogue trying to decide what to buy. The only way forward is to jump right in and experiment. Doing this I have, over the years, build up a small battalion of favourites, some of which are pictured below.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DS8rPvFmynU/YHHB8CtCK5I/AAAAAAAAX0w/Me66oTOn7Tw3ZnBgsM7SOAyMnn8Jshw0ACLcBGAsYHQ/s253/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="199" data-original-width="253" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DS8rPvFmynU/YHHB8CtCK5I/AAAAAAAAX0w/Me66oTOn7Tw3ZnBgsM7SOAyMnn8Jshw0ACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/images.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Apricot Parrot - a blowsy tulip with a lax habit which can tend towards pink as the flower ages.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HgLNjmf1se0/YHHFzpoStfI/AAAAAAAAX1E/VhxlImr8bJIxF-8NRGoJ4dbofM30-OPbQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_7322.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HgLNjmf1se0/YHHFzpoStfI/AAAAAAAAX1E/VhxlImr8bJIxF-8NRGoJ4dbofM30-OPbQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/IMG_7322.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Virichic (the tall pink one) which is this year's experiment. It is next to Purple Doll, which is on the right.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4ZxNuiZsyCU/YHHFymXBG9I/AAAAAAAAX1A/I1EweI8URvo3RQnR_zbH1ZyDV8JQoFFnACLcBGAsYHQ/s467/IMG_7336.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="424" data-original-width="467" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4ZxNuiZsyCU/YHHFymXBG9I/AAAAAAAAX1A/I1EweI8URvo3RQnR_zbH1ZyDV8JQoFFnACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/IMG_7336.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Spring Green, my all time favourite, and orange Princess Irene which never ceases to amaze me as I look closely at the purple shading which appears to have been painted at the base of the flower. Really robust and reliable, but looks so fragile.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_qt7890EK-8/YHHF0X__U1I/AAAAAAAAX1M/23ulvxZ8hPUSa0tQAZ6VoeMqP3h0wux5wCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_7337.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_qt7890EK-8/YHHF0X__U1I/AAAAAAAAX1M/23ulvxZ8hPUSa0tQAZ6VoeMqP3h0wux5wCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/IMG_7337.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Another purple doll - this is one from last year's pots and is now in the bath.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-24q_Zex59IY/YHHF1O5dkoI/AAAAAAAAX1Q/GQTk9-lgydQs1y7zNFCE-SnduhpT1SdDACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_7338.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-24q_Zex59IY/YHHF1O5dkoI/AAAAAAAAX1Q/GQTk9-lgydQs1y7zNFCE-SnduhpT1SdDACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/IMG_7338.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Finally - more spring green.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">There is a bit of a theme to the tulips I like - many of them are viridiform, that is to say they have green striations to the petals. The other great favourite is lily flowered tulips (like Purple Doll). Virichic combines both - which is perhaps why it has grabbed my attention so fiercely this year.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p>L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-19774452126727051972021-04-05T10:38:00.001-07:002021-04-05T10:38:22.414-07:00<p> <b><span style="color: #04ff00; font-size: large;">Plums and prunes</span></b></p><p>South West France is world famous for the plums which are grown here - and for the prunes which are a delicacy exported across the world. Lot et Garonne is the centre of French plum production and, as you would expect, it has a patchwork of plum orchards which are covered in a delicate white blossom at the end of March and into April. The hillsides look as though they are covered in snow for a few beautiful days and then the blossom fades as quickly as it arrived.</p><p>This year, during the blossom period, we had one or two frosts - which can kill the flowers and be a death knell to that year's harvest. Time will tell however. The frosts were light so hopefully the harvest will only be slightly diminished and not destroyed. </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Qb-NZqqfGDw/YGtIDKIlPaI/AAAAAAAAXzM/eDBHIdbBcc8Y_8CDE-6G9UOraFiagXfGgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_7237.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="243" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Qb-NZqqfGDw/YGtIDKIlPaI/AAAAAAAAXzM/eDBHIdbBcc8Y_8CDE-6G9UOraFiagXfGgCLcBGAsYHQ/w365-h243/IMG_7237.jpeg" width="365" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Plum orchards near Ste Colombe de Duras in Lot et Garonne</div><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p>The type of plum tree used for prune production is called the prunier d'ente (and the plum is prune d'ente). This is a dark plum which is not a juicy as a British Victoria plum but instead has a rich quality which, when dried, produces large, succulent plums bred to be ideal for drying. The trees are grown in small orchards on private farms across the region and the process of growing and plum manufacture is also small scale, relying on artisan producers and an understanding of the craft.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JijXvDh_EF8/YGtIYvpsO-I/AAAAAAAAXzU/J35Af5ApMwsX-PBLAQ4oHdsmsmz32TcEACLcBGAsYHQ/s1278/Screenshot%2B2021-04-05%2Bat%2B19.21.54.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="916" data-original-width="1278" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JijXvDh_EF8/YGtIYvpsO-I/AAAAAAAAXzU/J35Af5ApMwsX-PBLAQ4oHdsmsmz32TcEACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Screenshot%2B2021-04-05%2Bat%2B19.21.54.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Prunes d'ente on the tree and ready for harvest</div><p><br /></p><p>The fruit is harvested in August, using a machine which first surrounds the tree with a sheet to catch the fruit as they fall. This unfolds from a trailer which has been towed into position by a tractor. An arm, usually driven by the tractor's power take-off then firmly grasps the tree trunk and gives it a good shake. Plums fall from said tree into the sheet which is then folded back into the tractor and the whole contraption is towed back to the farm. </p><p>Once back at base the prunes are thinly spread onto a band which travels very slowly through a drying oven. The process can take up to 24 hours, but is dependent on the judgement of the farmer and the size of the plums. The final product is packed and sold as "prunes d'Agen". Agen is the capital of Lot et Garonne and hosts an annual plum festival once the harvest is in the bag - as it were. Last year's festival was cancelled - fingers crossed for 2021.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IGFhGIhP_S4/YGtJDTdYnlI/AAAAAAAAXzc/nFfr487hUms5hpse4K0tpRYrkEHf37bPACLcBGAsYHQ/s1826/Screenshot%2B2021-04-05%2Bat%2B19.29.07.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="714" data-original-width="1826" height="168" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IGFhGIhP_S4/YGtJDTdYnlI/AAAAAAAAXzc/nFfr487hUms5hpse4K0tpRYrkEHf37bPACLcBGAsYHQ/w431-h168/Screenshot%2B2021-04-05%2Bat%2B19.29.07.png" width="431" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Once the harvest and the work of drying the plums is over the trees are pruned and the farmers wait until the following spring when the process begins again.</p><p>The ground under the trees is frequently grazed by sheep and, during the brief flowering period it is not uncommon to see beehives in the orchards as beekeepers take advantage of all of the nectar while, at the same time, the bees help pollinate this important crop.</p><p>We have one prunier d'ente tree left at the Jardin Paysan - a relic from the days when every farmer had a few plum trees and produced his own prunes. As we don't have enough fruit to entertain the idea of making our own prunes I use the plums to make a chutney. However, in the past we have taken our crop of plums to a farmer friend who ran them through his ovens and gave us back our own prunes. Our friend found the puny nature of our plums very funny and delighted in telling us that they didn't need 24 hours to dry - 12 hours was quite sufficient for something as amateur as we had grown. We were told that we had to prune the trees in a specific way and strictly according to the phases of the moon. Sure enough when the moon was right our friend turned up on the doorstep with his secateurs and showed us how it was done. Result - bigger plums the next year.</p><p>A sad post script is that the importance of plum production in SW France has dwindled in recent years as cheaper, mass produced imports supplant the more expensive, artisan produced prunes d'Agen. As a result many plum orchards have been replaced with hazelnuts. Still very pretty, but not quite the same.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-35910518777259673222021-03-25T04:38:00.000-07:002021-03-25T04:38:28.869-07:00<p><b><span style="color: #04ff00; font-size: large;">Raised beds and an attack of the blues</span></b></p><p>Preparations are in full swing in the potager - or kitchen garden in English. Each year we have the dilemma of deciding what and what not to grow and where to plant it. Decisions taken now have an impact on the entire year's harvest so negotiations for space for our favourite vegetables are intense. It is chard, cavalo nero, rocket and beetroot for me - and leeks, potatoes and pumpkins for my husband. </p><p>In the photo below the beds in the potager have just been cleaned and prepared ready for this year's crops. Some winter vegetables remain - the ruby chard is still being picked and glows a rich red in the slanting evening light, while the red mustard - a hot salad leaf has become enormous and we add one leaf - at most - to any salads we prepare. Other leaves we are now adding to salads include oak leaf lettuces and sorrel supplemented with chives, parsley and fennel. Today I have just picked my first tarragon leaves to add to our lunch. As you can see the rhubarb is also doing well.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-317fWRVMxfI/YFxbQD91mFI/AAAAAAAAXyY/RJo63achtbov5RnNoAO9yV4pwjNX0dI7ACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/The_potager_in_March.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-317fWRVMxfI/YFxbQD91mFI/AAAAAAAAXyY/RJo63achtbov5RnNoAO9yV4pwjNX0dI7ACLcBGAsYHQ/w481-h320/The_potager_in_March.jpg" width="481" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Raised beds in the potager - rhubarb at the front with salads and chard behind.</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">We grow our vegetables in raised beds and supplement the soil each year by adding well rotted horse/cow manure to the top of the soil. We have left it a little late this year - but timing is always a tough call. Leave it too late and the worms have less opportunity to drag the manure into the soil before you plant anything; do it too soon and the rain can wash away a lot of the nutrients. The manure must be well rotted - it should have no unpleasant smell and have broken down into a lovely crumbly texture. Raw manure will scorch young plants and roots - so avoid the temptation to add it in desperation.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Meanwhile in the ornamental garden the colour scheme has largely moved on from the yellow of daffodils to a combination of blues and acid green - key blue plants are iris siberica, muscari (or grape hyacinths) and beautiful cerinthe major purpurascens which is a gorgeous foil for the acid greens of our euphorbias. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wVLZQGQ6_o8/YFxcsXRDvDI/AAAAAAAAXyg/PgoAa-s9y6kI_EUtL_uAtaXllN9ev8n5QCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Cerinthe_major_purpurascens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="293" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wVLZQGQ6_o8/YFxcsXRDvDI/AAAAAAAAXyg/PgoAa-s9y6kI_EUtL_uAtaXllN9ev8n5QCLcBGAsYHQ/w440-h293/Cerinthe_major_purpurascens.jpg" width="440" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>The blue of Cerinthe with Euphorbia characias behind it</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Cerinthe is easily grown from seed - just throw some where you want the plants and, once it is established, it re-generates year after year - proving surprisingly hardy in cold winters. Some euphorbias also work extremely well in gardens in France. Euphorbias are a massive plant family which ranges from a cactus type of form found in the desert to poinsettias on the table at Christmas. We grow E.characias, E.myrsinites, E.robbiae, E.martinii and this year for the first time - courtesy of Olivier Filippi's superb nursery near Sete - E.rigida.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><br /> <p></p>L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-10914095162205236752021-03-16T09:13:00.001-07:002021-03-16T09:13:07.713-07:00<p>Spring is sprung - the grass is riz.....and the tractor-tondeuse has broken. Our amazing engineer called round at very short notice to fix it and also to repair a flat tyre on my wheelbarrow (or brouette in French). He is incredibly busy at this time of year, so we were very grateful for his help.</p><p>Spring in SW France arrives in a whirlwind - one day it is cold and rainy and the next the sun starts to shine, we see skeins of cranes migrating from Southern Spain to the Baltic and their summer breeding grounds and we know that warmer weather is following behind them. Their extraordinary calls as they thread their way across the sky makes our hearts sing and it is common to see lots of posts on social media as others also celebrate the birds flight across our skies. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TvFYalmanU4/YFDW9iiuvpI/AAAAAAAAXv4/TzsCNflphfEV3iMmryX9Q4MqLrmo85l9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1232/Screenshot%2B2021-03-16%2Bat%2B17.03.34.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="674" data-original-width="1232" height="207" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TvFYalmanU4/YFDW9iiuvpI/AAAAAAAAXv4/TzsCNflphfEV3iMmryX9Q4MqLrmo85l9ACLcBGAsYHQ/w378-h207/Screenshot%2B2021-03-16%2Bat%2B17.03.34.png" width="378" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Cranes - or "grue" in French as they migrate across the spring skies to their northern breeding grounds</div><p><br /></p><p>As February barrels into March everything starts to grow, seeds have to be sown and the last transplants of self seeded plants need to be made so that their root systems can establish before the hotter summer weather arrives. If the soil is wet - following a few days of rain, it is a great moment to mulch the soil surface, both to help condition the underlying earth but also to assist in water retention later in the year. It is also essential to weed, and weed and weed - pulling the little menaces out before the have the chance to establish themselves and, worse still, set seed (which they can do incredibly quickly) and so create more problems over the coming weeks. Early spring bulbs need deadheading, possibly dividing and maybe even feeding before they retire underground to hide from the hot, dry summer.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5ET70U_NrfM/YFDX-wqOZ3I/AAAAAAAAXv8/R0xbctEyfp8EaqH5kIWb1Hj4GVAwXLbzACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Iris_sibirica_amongst%2B_Hellebore-orientalis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5ET70U_NrfM/YFDX-wqOZ3I/AAAAAAAAXv8/R0xbctEyfp8EaqH5kIWb1Hj4GVAwXLbzACLcBGAsYHQ/w427-h320/Iris_sibirica_amongst%2B_Hellebore-orientalis.jpg" width="427" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;">Assorted Hellebores, Iris siberica, Euphorbia robbiae and the first signs of lily of the valley as it pushed up through the soil.</p><p><br /></p><p>So starts the gardening year for us and it will not be long before the first crops are harvested, the first recipes tried out and the flower garden reaches its best. This year I am going to do my best to document it here so that, even if you are not in France, you can share day to day life in our French garden with all of the joys and setbacks that it encompasses.</p><p><br /></p><p>Well the tractor is fixed - so I am going back into the garden to make a start on Spring 2021.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-1245939918125760862019-11-25T07:36:00.000-08:002019-11-25T07:36:37.471-08:00The Local Buzz...all about life in SW FranceLe Jardin Paysan has just started blogging for a popular SW magazine - The Local Buzz. We have added a link to the magazine's blog at the bottom right of this website, but here is my first contribution - perfect for November; get those leaves swept up and stacked ready to become beautiful leaf mould in about a year's time:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NlxnF4pqRh8/Xdvu144Ts3I/AAAAAAAAXDQ/yvdN_UZwWvY-1XcaNLSvJa9QHSW7x_svQCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_9196.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NlxnF4pqRh8/Xdvu144Ts3I/AAAAAAAAXDQ/yvdN_UZwWvY-1XcaNLSvJa9QHSW7x_svQCEwYBhgL/s320/IMG_9196.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Waiting for those last leaves to fall - usually in the last week of November</b></span></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">As I sit
looking out of the window on a rainy November day I get the sense that the
garden really is preparing to go to sleep for the winter. But don’t be fooled.
The more you can get done during the winter months, when your garden is
supposedly dormant, the better your garden will be next year. So….time to get down
to work and look forward to 2020. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Your garden
may well be like mine and covered in leaves which, throughout November will
fall from the trees making the whole place look an absolute mess. They are
invaluable to your garden however, and, given the right treatment will make a
superb organic soil conditioner and mulch in about a year’s time. Don’t leave
them where they fall, because they will look untidy and although they will be
fantastic at stopping weeds from germinating underneath them (or will stop the
grass from growing) they will also take valuable nutrients from the soil – such
as naturally occurring nitrogen – as they rot down. In woodland this does not
matter and naturally occurring leaf mould is an important element of the slowly
evolving forest floor, but in your garden leaf litter in the wrong place will
suffocate and starve what you are trying to create. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Rake your
leaves up and put them somewhere out of the way to rot down. By doing this you
not only tidy the place up, but you create your own leaf mould, which can take
over a year. The resulting crumbly dark brown material can then be spread back
onto the soil as a mulch and conditioner, feeding the soil, inhibiting weed
growth and, very important in this part of the world, helping to retain
moisture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">This is how
we do it in our own garden:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Ideally
choose a day when the leaves are wet. Moisture is an important part of the plan
and your leaves will be heavier and less likely to blow away. Sweep all of the
leaves off the flowerbeds and onto the grass with a springtine rake, making
sure that you do not include stones and large twigs. Then, get out the
lawnmower and mow over the leaves (while they are on the grass). This will chop
them up and speed up the rotting process. Once you have done this, sweep them
up into manageable heaps. You can then store your rotting leaves in bags or in
a bin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The bag
method</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> – this is
quicker, but does involve the use of garden refuse quality plastic bags. Fill
your bags with leaves, make sure the leaves are wet, fasten the bags and punch
some holes in the bottom. Put them in a pile somewhere out of the way and leave
them for a year. Make sure you pack them next to one another and on top of one
another because the communal warmth they create will speed things up. That’s
it. I have done this very successfully in the past, but this year we are using
a variation on the more old fashioned, and slower, method of using a leaf mould
cage. We are doing this for two reasons – as part of my drive to use less
plastic, but also because our friendly local badgers, for two consecutive
years, have ripped open the bags and scattered the leaves everywhere. They are
searching for the worms and insects which move into the bags (through the
holes) to help the composting process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0UlN-w441xk/XdvulZzgCQI/AAAAAAAAXDE/5Rzgp-dJX5gPfdv_KQyiWpI5jZsBDRzzgCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_9206.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0UlN-w441xk/XdvulZzgCQI/AAAAAAAAXDE/5Rzgp-dJX5gPfdv_KQyiWpI5jZsBDRzzgCEwYBhgL/s320/IMG_9206.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Neatly bagged up - at least until the badgers attack</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Creating
a leaf mould cage</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> –
The traditional method for doing this is to create a cage about one to one and
a half metres square and of similar height out of chicken wire and then simply
sweep your leaves into it. You fasten the fourth side shut with more chicken
wire and leave it for a year or two. The leaves gradually rot down and voila
you have your leaf mould. The badgers have thwarted me here too, in the past,
by ripping through the wire and once again throwing the leaves everywhere. I
love wild animals as much as anyone, and accept that we are all part of life’s
great cycle, but sometimes it is a battle to outwit them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EHYlwrVx668/XdvyaFzdZsI/AAAAAAAAXDY/N_BmY4MNYioYrT_nGwUWGmEcHhkHimKygCEwYBhgL/s1600/Leaves-for-leaf-mould-Central-Park-2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EHYlwrVx668/XdvyaFzdZsI/AAAAAAAAXDY/N_BmY4MNYioYrT_nGwUWGmEcHhkHimKygCEwYBhgL/s320/Leaves-for-leaf-mould-Central-Park-2019.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>This is bigger than most leaf mould bins - it is in Central Park, New York.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">THIS YEAR I
am experimenting with a leaf mould pen made from old wooden pallets. It will
sit next to our compost bins, behind the hen run, and, I hope, be strong enough
to keep the furry little blighters out. Watch this space.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Points to
note when making leaf mould are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Not all leaves are equal. The best
leaves to use are thin – such as oak, hornbeam or beech. Pine needles and thick
leaves such as holly or laurel will eventually rot down but they are slow to do
so (and in the case of holly they are painful to handle), so either keep them
separately and compost them in the slow lane, as it were, or use them on
woodland paths/add them to general garden waste. We have walnut and fig leaves
in our garden, which are not the best to use, but once chopped up by the lawn
mower they rot down well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Make sure the leaves are wet enough.
They need moisture to help with process of decay. If they dry out in their plastic
bags they will remain like that for years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
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little red worms in your leaf mould. It is a sign that things are working well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">It is an annual cycle and initially
you require patience – collect your leaf mould now for use early in 2020 or
even 2021. In 2020, you collect leaves for the following year and so on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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when you have your leaf mould you can use it to mulch around appropriate plants
to help control weeds, retain moisture and as a soil conditioner. I will write
about all three of these in future blogs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-68550670127817367832017-10-11T07:47:00.000-07:002017-10-11T07:47:29.066-07:00Little power packs ......bulbs and corms to plant now.Last weekend I planted more bulbs and corms - I say that because every year I plant hundreds. We have been here almost three years now so this is year three of the current bulb planting regime and the pattern is something like this.<br />
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<span style="color: lime;"><b>Year One</b>:</span> plant a moderate amount of what you like where you would like them to be.<br />
<b><span style="color: lime;">During Year One</span></b> - watch how they flower and whether they really do live up to expectations. If you have bought bulbs and corms of reasonable quality then they almost always put on a fantastic display in that first year, because, basically, you have planted ready packed flowers.<br />
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<span style="color: lime;"><b>Year Two</b>:</span> be a bit more experimental and plant something different, somewhere else.<br />
<span style="color: lime;"><b>During Year Two</b> </span>- watch how Year Two's bulbs flower BUT ALSO observe how Year One's bulbs have got one...do they come back in profusion in the second year or are they dwindling.<br />
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<span style="color: lime;"><b>Year Three</b> </span>(i.e. me, this year): Increase the planting of the Year One bulbs which thrived, plus try a few more adventurous bulbs.<br />
<b><span style="color: lime;">During Year Three</span></b>.....well you get the picture.<br />
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In this way, supplemented by bulbs' natural tendency to spread if they are happy, you build up a carpet of contented plants which look after themselves for years to come. But first....<br />
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<span style="color: lime;"><b>Bulbs and corms in a nutshell, as it were.</b></span><br />
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Bulbs and corms differ in how they store the food photosynthesised in the leaves. Bulbs are basically the swollen bases of the previous year's leaves with the embryo of the next year's flower hidden in the middle. Each year the changing seasons trigger the development of new leaves and flowers and the plant may also reproduce vegetatively by developing new baby bulblets at the side.<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Crocus corms ready for planting</span></div>
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Corms are slightly different in that they are swollen underground sections of the plant stem. Each year a new corm develops above last year's corm and you can also get secondary corms developing, again as the plants reproduce vegetatively. This is why it is so important not to remove the leaves of bulbs and corms until they have died back naturally. They need to have the maximum opportunity to store reserves of food for the following year. If they do not get this they can shrivel and die. You can also help the following year's bulbs develop by feeding them with a sprinkling of bone meal after the flowers, but not the leaves, have died back.<br />
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In Year One here I planted daffodils at the bottom of the garden - they are not doing brilliantly, despite the region being renowned for its wild daffodils. I think the area I chose may be too dry, so none have been planted there this year while I watch the progress of those already in situ for a bit longer. I had planted Narcissus obvallaris, which is found growing in the wild in the UK and which resembled the wild daffodils growing locally, so I am disappointed at their performance, but maybe they take a few years to establish or maybe that particular corner of the garden is simply too hostile.<br />
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I also planted Crocus Tommasinianus (this is a corm, not a bulb); a crocus which naturalises fantastically well in grass or borders if it is happy - and it is flourishing here, so last week I planted another 100 of them.<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Crocus tommasinianus naturalised in grass - year one.</span></div>
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I also planted Muscari armeniacum, or grape hyacinths. These are doing so well they promise to become a menace, so I have bought another 100 of those too. They will be planted differently however - the crocus is planned to develop into drifts of purple which will flower under deciduous trees each February, while the Muscari will be dotted in little groups around the borders to act as accents of colour in early spring. The experimental thing I am planting this year is a small daffodil called Narcissus tete-a-tete. This will be planted like the Muscari in small clumps dotted under deciduous trees in a bed which hosts shade loving plants for most of the year. I will see how it does compared to the daffodils planted in year one.<br />
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Year One also saw me planting Eranthys hyemalis, the yellow flowering winter aconite. This is best not planted at this time of year, when it is a dormant bulb, but in January/February when it has leaves on it ( known as 'in the green'). It did well last year and if it comes up again this winter I shall order some more shortly after Christmas. The other bulb/corm I plant in the green is the snowdrop and Cyclamen hederifolium. I planted these in Year Two, so will watch to see how they do this year and if they prosper will add to the collection. Cyclamen, snowdrops and aconites are wonderful and deserve a blog of their own, which I will try to remember to write in January/February.<br />
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This year's experimental planting was to have been Martagon lilies, but I spent so long wondering which one to get that by the time I went to my bulb supplier they had sold out......a lesson learned and a year's growth wasted.<br />
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The other thing I always plant is the tulip. My personal favourites are Apricot Parrot, Spring Green, Greenland and Princess Irene but there are hundreds of varieties to choose from and it is worth experimenting. In year one they go into pots. Then I either leave the leaves to die back then take the bulbs out of the pots and keep them dry until about now when they go into the ground somewhere in the garden or I un-pot them as soon as they have flowered and transfer the clump straight into the ground. Year two is a bit pot luck, as it were, and sometimes they work and sometimes they don't, but it is always fun and there is always next year when I can try something new.....<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Tulips 'Spring Green' and 'Apricot Parrot' together with lily of the valley.</span></div>
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<br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-90884552138346884862017-08-14T07:14:00.000-07:002017-08-14T07:14:15.916-07:00The height of summer.....what can you grow that keeps on floweringFrench Properties Direct is selling a gorgeous house and art gallery in Tarn-et-Garonne, South West France. We asked the owners how they keep their garden looking so beautiful. Here is how they do it:<br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: white;">La Barriere, an 17th century Quercy farmhouse, has been
our home here for 25 years. In choosing the property one of its
irresistible attractions was a walled garden. It had been neglected for
60 years so I had a blank, if very weedy, canvas to work on. My gardening
inexperience showed in the first few years as I was seduced into trying to grow
totally unsuitable plants. In attempting to keep them alive I landed us
with colossal water bills. Fortunately, there is a very supportive gardening
fraternity in this area so I was able to find out what actually thrives here.
We regularly visit each other’s gardens, swap seeds, cuttings and growing
tips.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: white;">Here in the S.W. the growing season is long but winter temperatures
can dip briefly below minus 10 c., so tender plants need protection.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: white;">There are lots of annuals that self-seed prolifically and seem to
survive our hot, dry summers. I’ve had a lot of success with <b>eschscholzia, tagetes</b>, <b>cosmos, nigella, larkspur, bidens</b>
and amaranth. I’ve picked out a couple of photographs of
perennials though which are blissfully happy here. The first is <b>Campanula Poscharskyana</b>. It’s
a low growing blue bellflower which spreads quickly and is good for sun or part
shade. When the flowers are over you are left with a neat clump of bright
green foliage. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: white;">The second favourite is<u> </u><b>Erigeron Karvinkianus ‘Profusion ‘</b>. It’s daisy like
foliage turns from white to pink.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: white;">Now we have our house on the market and, for family reasons, intend
to return to the U.K. It will undoubtedly be sad to leave. Gardens
are never static and I’m sure new owners will make changes. I’m just
keeping my fingers crossed that they don’t evict all the very happy residents
here in the form of plants, birds, bugs, butterflies and hedgehogs and even
find room for more.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: white;">Catherine Smedley</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica",sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.labarriere.net/" target="_blank">http://www.labarriere.net</a></span></div>
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Here is a photograph of Catherine's walled garden -</div>
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And you can read more about the property for sale here: </div>
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<a href="http://tinyurl.com/zdfh8sg" target="_blank">http://tinyurl.com/zdfh8sg</a></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
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L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-27162802158886406552017-05-08T12:02:00.001-07:002017-05-08T12:02:26.705-07:00Broad BeansIt is a short season, but one worth waiting for - now is the time to pick and eat broad beans, while they are still as small as your fingernails, bursting with flavour and soft enough not to need skinning.<br />
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<b>Size matters - pick your beans while they are still small</b></div>
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We plant broad beans just before winter gets underway and always sow a variety called Aquadulce Claudia, which is specifically suitable for overwintering in the ground. Simply push the beans, individually, into well cultivated soil at the planting distances specified on the pack. You will need to stake them once growth starts in the spring.<br />
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Sowing before the winter has a few benefits - not least the sense that you are getting ahead and are already looking forward to the next year's vegetable crops. The plants develop earlier - giving you an early crop and head start against the bean's biggest threat - black fly. These little flies attack the young growth of the broad bean plant and if left will ruin the plant and render the beans inedible. The trick is to nip out the tops of the bean plants as soon as you spot the beginnings of an infestation. Be ruthless; check them daily. Another alternative is to grow the herb summer savoury adjacent to your bean plants. It is said to repel black fly although I can't prove this.<br />
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<b>A black fly infestation despite me having nipped out the top of the plant</b></div>
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Pick the beans regularly and before they get too big. Once the plant is finished cut it off at ground level. Compost the stem and leaves and dig in the roots. Members of the bean and pea family develop nodules on their roots which, through the action of a bacterium called rhizobium, will fix nitrogen in the soil, so never pull beans and peas out by the roots. Nitrogen increases the nutritional value of the soil significantly. It is the element which encourages green, leafy growth - so this benefits the next crop which you grown in this part of your vegetable patch; most especially green leafy plants such as salads, spinach and kales.<br />
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<b>Bean plants in May, from beans planted last December</b></div>
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<br />
Last weekend we picked our first broad beans and using some store cupboard ingredients created this pasta sauce:<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Broad Beans and Coppa with Linguini</span></b><br />
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Enough for two.<br />
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Ingredients:<br />
<br />
Podded broad beans - around a cup, beans no larger than your index fingernail.<br />
100g pack of Coppa, sliced into strips.<br />
2 shallots<br />
Small glass of white wine<br />
1 tablespoonful of chopped fresh thyme<br />
4 tablespoonfuls of 15% fat creme fraiche<br />
Olive oil, salt and pepper<br />
Linguini<br />
Fresh Parmesan cheese, grated.<br />
<br />
Add the broad beans to boiling salted water and cook for about five minutes, then drain.<br />
Chop the shallots finely and, in a frying pan cook gently in some olive oil until soft and translucent.<br />
Meanwhile cook the linguini in plenty of boiling water, adding salt and a dash of olive oil to the cooking water.<br />
Add the white wine to the shallots and simmer gently for a couple of minutes then add the sliced coppa and the thyme.<br />
Once the above is heated through add the beans and the creme fraich and continue to heat through gently.<br />
Season with salt and pepper.<br />
Drain the linguini reserving about a tablespoonful of the cooking liquid with the linguini to stop it from sticking.<br />
Stir in the broad bean mixture, pile onto two plates and scatter the Parmesan on top.<br />
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The secret to this dish is not to cook the sauce aggressively - use a gentle heat throughout - and to use young, freshly picked broad beans.<br />
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<br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-77360859161035089902016-11-20T09:09:00.001-08:002016-11-20T09:09:11.027-08:00I have finally put away the sun bed....<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Always a difficult day in the year, when I accept that there will probably be no more opportunities to lie on the sun bed (even if I am wearing a coat) and read or admire the fantastic autumn colours. But the day has arrived and the sun bed has gone.<br />
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The beginning of November marks a sea change in the gardening year for me; a point at which I start to plan for the year ahead., so in many respects it could be considered the beginning of the year for a gardener and not the end.<br />
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Before the leaves are off the trees I start preparing new beds. If you want to use a glysophate based weedkiller (which I sometimes do) there is still time as plants are still growing; it will just take longer to work. If you want to turn over the ground and bury weeds hoping that they will die over the winter, now is the time. The ground is still warm enough to move plants which are in the wrong place and to transplant the hard wood cuttings from last year into their permanent place. Here is picture of a border I am extending this winter.<br />
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I did spray it with glyphosate about 6 weeks ago to kill as much of the couch grass as I could and have now dug over the area. My neighbours call couch grass 'dents de chien' or dogs teeth, because of the shape of the grass's rhizome. It is viewed favourably by people who want grass for animals rather than flowerbeds because it is so resilient and will come away again after the most savage summer droughts. I view it less favourably. Its roots will go so deep that you can glysophate a patch of earth for two years and still find sections of the rhizome or root which have survived. So I tend to do an initial chemical blitz, then dig out what I can and then spent the rest of the time fighting a rear guard action as it keeps re-emerging. You can see there is rather a lot of it in the photo above.<br />
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The ultimate plan with this border it that it is one of a pair which will wind sinuously across that garden and have mainly grasses and 'prairie' type planting which is punctuated by sympathetic shrubs. That is the theory, anyway. Very Tom Stuart Smith. See photo below - nice to have something to aim for:<br />
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Watch this space.<br />
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Meanwhile in the vegetable garden Richard has had a clear out of the raised beds and we are now left with our winter stalwarts - parsnips, leeks, broccoli and some lettuces. The potatoes are up and in storage, the tomato plants have been removed, the remaining green tomatoes made into chutney and the pumpkins have either been carved up for halloween or are gradually being eaten.<br />
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His next job it to top up the soil. It is a no-dig system in that you don't turn over the soil as gardeners did in the past but add a new layer of compost each year. You smooth it over the top and the worms drag it down into the layers below, mixing it in while retaining the profile of the soil below. This has been the first full year of using the raised beds and they have performed brilliantly.</div>
<br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-75025846078096629162016-06-20T06:42:00.000-07:002016-06-20T06:42:34.193-07:00Things to do on a rainy day... part 1........Make Rhubarb Jam<br />
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We normally have difficulty growing rhubarb in our garden in France. I think this is because rhubarb is a heavy feeder and the soil here can be a bit thin and chalky but also because the summer temperatures are too high. Rhubarb doesn't like to get too hot in the summer (I understand it prefers an average summer temperature of below about 22 centigrade). So in a good year it fails to thrive unless you can grow it in a cool, corner of your garden.<br />
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In our new garden we decided that our potager should be made from raised beds rather than simply a patch of earth. This was partly because we are both getting old and raised beds are much easier to manage but also because with a raised bed you have much more control over both soil structure and texture. The soil in our raised beds is quicker to warm up, more friable and we have packed it with goodness, all of which is much better than the soil we had at our old house. We planted some fairly mature rhubarb late last year and it is doing well - I wonder if the cold and wet summer weather we are having has anything to do with it? There must be some advantages to the never ending rain.<br />
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It being cold and wet last week(again) - we decided to pick some of the aforementioned rhubarb and make some jam. You can pick - or pull, to be correct - rhubarb until the middle of June. After that you must leave the stalks and leaves to grow so that they build up the strength of the crown for future years.<br />
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The jam proved a great success. Here is the recipe:<br />
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Rhubarb and Ginger Jam<br />
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1 kilo rhubarb stalks (leaves removed - they're poisonous)<br />
1 kilo granulated sugar<br />
1 lemon<br />
2 oz approx of root ginger<br />
2 oz approx of stem ginger in syrup.<br />
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The night before you want to make the jam chop the rhubarb up and put it into your jam pan with the sugar, grated rind of the lemon and the lemon juice. Stir it all to mix evenly and then leave the mixture to stand (covered with a cloth) overnight.<br />
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Next day - put 4 x 500g jam jars and their lids in an oven at 100 degrees C to warm and sterilize.<br />
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Peel the root ginger, bruise it a bit and put it in a muslin bag which you add to the rhubarb mix. Put the jam pan with rhubarb mix onto a hob and cook slowly until the sugar is fully dissolved then boil it fairly vigorously mashing the rhubarb as you go(with a potato masher) so that you end up with the rhubarb cooked to a fairly pulpy mass.<br />
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Remove the pan from the heat and remove the bag of ginger from the mix. Squeezing the liquid from the bag as you do so.<br />
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Add the stem ginger, finely chopped, to the mix and bring back to the boil. Boil until setting point is reached.<br />
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You can check for setting point in one of two ways; using a jam thermometer which will tell you the temperature at which setting point is reached or by the 'wrinkle test'. Here you put a tiny amount of the hot jam liquid onto a cold plate (cool it down in the fridge or freezer first). When the drop of jam on the plate has cooled push it gently with the tip of your finger and if the surface wrinkles the jam has reached setting point. I usually use both methods together and take the jam off the boil once the first indication of a set is seen by either method.<br />
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Put the jam into your sterilized jars and put the lids on immediately. The jars will be vacuum sealed as the jam cools and you may hear the lids go 'pop' as the vacuum draws them inwards during the cooling process.<br />
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That's it!<br />
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<br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-91383055712841621382016-06-15T10:07:00.000-07:002016-06-15T10:07:16.848-07:00They started with a garden.......<span style="font-size: x-large;">.....and ended up with a vineyard. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">When Mark
and Fran Dean bought their French farm house in 2008 they never intended to
become winemakers. The beautiful detached property, which faces south across
the vineyards of Entre Deux Mers, was their dream home and the fact that it
came equipped with winery buildings and several hectares of vines was
incidental. The previous owner continued to manage the vines and as Fran
explained, ‘we would sit on our terrace watching people working in the vines
and think “how hard can it be?”’. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">Several
years later, the winemaker’s family sold their principal chateau and vineyards
to Chinese buyers and with the money released he bought his own property near
St Emilion. The opportunity arose for Mark and Fran to take over the running of
the vineyard themselves. Initial research told them it was not going to be
easy, but that there was a wealth of local goodwill which would help them get
established. They were also able to call upon help from professional
oenologists and they joined a co-operative allowing them to share big machinery
with other wine makers.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">The first
couple of years were challenging – their winery (or ‘chai’ in French) needed
equipping so stainless steel vats, pumps, a grape press and other equipment had
to be bought. Their vineyard was not recognised as a chateau in its own right,
so Fran had the challenge of negotiating French bureaucracy, thinking of a name
and designing a label. And then there was the not insignificant matter of
managing the vines and their ‘terroir’ throughout the year<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">Now, Fran
and Mark have a system. Mark manages the outside activities – caring for the
vines and making the wine. And Fran is responsible for admin and marketing.
Their wine has already won awards nationally and the 2015 vintage looks
promising. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The
vineyard is not for sale – but their wine is. Check out their web site: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><a href="http://www.chateauastrelus.com/">http://www.chateauastrelus.com/</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Nv91GKriseA/V2GLDUMFl7I/AAAAAAAAVi0/1tDrpo-LjJ8u-3hJQQSn6g2thmrvqk6dwCLcB/s1600/Astrelus_Vendanges_2015-19%2Bsmaller.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Nv91GKriseA/V2GLDUMFl7I/AAAAAAAAVi0/1tDrpo-LjJ8u-3hJQQSn6g2thmrvqk6dwCLcB/s320/Astrelus_Vendanges_2015-19%2Bsmaller.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-53589600083394402062016-05-31T14:20:00.000-07:002016-05-31T14:20:22.880-07:00DIVIDE AND PROSPER<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">I read
somewhere that the three most popular French flowering plants are the rose, the
peony and the iris –and it is not hard to understand why, especially with the
iris. This plant, in its many forms, can be found in flower all year round somewhere
in France, but the species which grabs our attention, and which is just
finishing a spectacular season of flowering is the bearded iris, or iris
germanica, which gives its name to the French symbol the ‘fleur-de lys’.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">Iris
germanica is in flower from approximately April to June. It is evergreen with
fleshy sword like leaves and six petals – three known as falls (the droopy
ones) and three known as standards (the ones which rise up and almost meet at
the top). Most distinctively, they have a yellow beard at the throat of the
falling petal; hence the name. The design of the flower head is such that it is
perfectly adapted to insect pollinatin – with the standards attracting the
attention of the insects and the falls providing a landing stage for them to
settle on. These often have rows of dots or lines guiding insects to the heart
of the plant where the pollen bearing anthers and sticky stigma are hidden. The
bearded section of the falls give the pollenating insect firm purchase as it
moves into the flower.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">The bearded
iris is a staple of French gardens, especially in the South West where it
thrives in hot, dry summer conditions and in the alkaline, or limestone, soils.
The common-or-garden form is blue and there must be very few old established
gardens in France which do not have a blue, bearded iris tucked away somewhere.
Indeed – they can multiply at such a rate that they can become a menace in
places. They should be divided about every three years and it can become a
challenge to know what to do with the bits of rhizome (root) which you no
longer have space for.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">Over the years bearded irises in particular have been bred to produce a
tremendous range of colours and combinations, to be short or tall and to have
ever increasing degrees of flounce and frill to the petals. Personally I am
fondest of the more simple shapes, where you can see daylight between the
standards as you look at the flower head, rather than the highly ornate flower
heads which are a mass of curly edged, multi coloured petals. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">Specialist nurseries such as French grower Cayeau (<a href="http://www.iris-cayeau.com/" target="_blank">www.iris-cayeau.com/</a> ) grow a spectacular range of varieties and last year these were some I saw at the show.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-caJBR2EiL-M/V038us6gF2I/AAAAAAAAVg8/IRT-op_omKIYfrYu_cXqOLTWh7HCaweJQCLcB/s1600/chelseairises3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-caJBR2EiL-M/V038us6gF2I/AAAAAAAAVg8/IRT-op_omKIYfrYu_cXqOLTWh7HCaweJQCLcB/s320/chelseairises3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jaZhFvcjVjA/V039et6eefI/AAAAAAAAVhE/jbg4rH8G460wxZN2QySfvc5p-RLvtix-QCKgB/s1600/IMG_0721.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jaZhFvcjVjA/V039et6eefI/AAAAAAAAVhE/jbg4rH8G460wxZN2QySfvc5p-RLvtix-QCKgB/s320/IMG_0721.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Chelsea irises</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">My personal favourites at the show were some wonderful tall, sepia tinted irises originally bred by artist cedric Morris at his garden, Benton End around 60 years ago. These have been revived by Sarah Cook, whowas a gardener at Sissinghurst in Kent. here she found a label for Benton Nigel, did some research and discovered dozens more distinctive irises cedric Morris created. She has since sourced and propagated many of them and I for one will be growing on some of her progeny in my garden in France. I am going to start with Benton Susan, not because it shares my name, but because it is my favourite colour, a willowy tea stained plant which contrasts so strongly with the louder, modern varieties which are more popular today.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QnPkKz1TmVc/V039k51jSqI/AAAAAAAAVhM/MNs2lrHbp2ojtqwZ1722sS8CNaTX4ummwCKgB/s1600/bentonsusan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QnPkKz1TmVc/V039k51jSqI/AAAAAAAAVhM/MNs2lrHbp2ojtqwZ1722sS8CNaTX4ummwCKgB/s320/bentonsusan.jpg" width="230" /></a></div>
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Benton Susan</div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">If you want
to know more about what Sarah has done and how she achieved it, have a look at
the following link:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/chelseaflowershow/11545006/Chelsea-2015-Cedric-Morris-irises-return.html" target="_blank">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/chelseaflowershow/11545006/Chelsea-2015-Cedric-Morris-irises-return.html</a></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">Bearded
irises may be past their best in the garden now, but the time to lift and
divide them (and give some away or swap with friends) is imminent. Once the
flowers die back the iris can be lifted, the leaves trimmed back to about 15
centimetres and the rhizomes (the fleshy tubers the growth sprouts from) can be
divided into sections. Just snap them – they will break easily into chunks. If
they are too rubbery to snap cleanly think twice about replanting them.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X7myyy8XI2g/V03_U86fZ7I/AAAAAAAAVhc/ZpbeKpjAb14VNACRfVwI-sbyT_bwQX89wCKgB/s1600/apresentfromheather.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X7myyy8XI2g/V03_U86fZ7I/AAAAAAAAVhc/ZpbeKpjAb14VNACRfVwI-sbyT_bwQX89wCKgB/s320/apresentfromheather.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">A present for me from Heather - the rhizome was transplanted last July</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">The rhizome
is the food store, so divide each clump so that each individual piece has a
firm, fat, fleshy section of rhizome with a spike or two of leaves sprouting
from it and spidery roots on the underside. These can then be replanted
separately in the same place or elsewhere in the garden. The important thing to
remember is that the rhizome needs to show above the surface of the soil and it
needs to be in a sunny, open position. If the iris is not baked by the summer
sunshine it will not develop plenty of flowers the following year. This also
explains why you need to lift and divide them every few years because their
flower production declines rapidly if the plant becomes congested.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qdlcHNlYAMg/V039hwiowlI/AAAAAAAAVhI/_BaeJ0IMYu8bM2iIZv-u6M0UoM-2F0p7wCKgB/s1600/IMG_0722.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qdlcHNlYAMg/V039hwiowlI/AAAAAAAAVhI/_BaeJ0IMYu8bM2iIZv-u6M0UoM-2F0p7wCKgB/s320/IMG_0722.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p>More flamboyance from Chelsea</o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">The newly
planted rhizomes are not easy to anchor, which is why you cut the leaves back –
to stop the plant rocking in the wind. Tuck them into a little mound of soil
and make sure those spidery roots are firmly under the soil surface - they will
quickly settle down and establish themselves. If you divide them in July you
should have a good crop of flowers the following spring. I have divided them at
most times of year without actually losing the plant – but the later you leave
it the less likely you are to get flowers the following season.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-28717234279214092442016-04-24T14:35:00.001-07:002016-04-24T14:35:27.114-07:00A bleak day in April<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: large;">It is hard to believe it is mid April. 13 degrees centigrade today and a piercing northerly wind, We went to the plant fair at Neuvic sur L'Isle. However, there was sunshine and it didn't rain, so the place was buzzing with activity and there were some wonderful plants on show.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> I went to the fair with a mission to buy hostas, perovskia and hydrangea arborescens Annabelle. First thing I saw on Le Jardin des Poetes stand was a variety of Euphorbia I had never seen before - euphorbia characias Blackbird. Bought three of those; so good intentions ruined from the word go. Then bought Solomon's Seal, some strawberry mint, hydrangea arborescens Annabelle, some angelica, two peonys and finally a lovely brunnera macrophylla. So I did go slightly off piste and consequently spent until 7pm trying to get them all into the ground once we got back home.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xUpdvDkzWsE/Vx05LSZVphI/AAAAAAAAVes/Z-e25efTy7scvaogTBXkj5Z5ScU12P6wwCLcB/s1600/M%2BEpouvantail%2Bat%2BNeuvic%2B%2B24.4.16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xUpdvDkzWsE/Vx05LSZVphI/AAAAAAAAVes/Z-e25efTy7scvaogTBXkj5Z5ScU12P6wwCLcB/s320/M%2BEpouvantail%2Bat%2BNeuvic%2B%2B24.4.16.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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M Epouvantail at Neuvic, braving the cold.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Highlight of the day must have been at Le Jardin des Poetes stand which always has lovely plants. The owner raises them himself, and his stand has a prominent position by the gates into the courtyard. His mother speaks excellent English as she was an English teacher in Newcastle. When we told her that Mr Epouvantail was from Newcastle and both of our children were born there she sang the 'Blaydon Races' in broad Geordie from start to finish, word perfect. Felt quite homesick! I think her son started to get quite cross with her - especially when we both joined in, to the mild surprise of other customers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A year ago last February I posted a picture of our new garden as I attempted to create the first border along the front facade of the house. All I had achieved was to dig up a wheelbarrow full of stones and I knew I was faced with a backbreaking task. This is the same piece of ground today - even though the weather is bleak and nothing is blooming and the sky is grey it cheers me to think we have made some progress.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--QY1zwEVj7c/Vx0zA4TZj_I/AAAAAAAAVeU/P_bo5qd9Ew00wLLI8wyZLyGwlpUouVspQCLcB/s1600/Facade%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Beast.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--QY1zwEVj7c/Vx0zA4TZj_I/AAAAAAAAVeU/P_bo5qd9Ew00wLLI8wyZLyGwlpUouVspQCLcB/s320/Facade%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Beast.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-59324273865672433502016-04-17T07:02:00.000-07:002016-04-17T07:02:56.630-07:00ALL THE FUN OF THE FOIRE<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is that
time of year again in France; many small towns hold their ‘foire aux fleures’
or ‘foire aux plantes’ – in other words their flower and plant shows - in the
spring. They are great fun, a very welcome herald of warmer weather and, more
importantly, an invaluable point of reference (and plants) for anyone starting
a garden in France.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">France is a
big country and is divided into several climatic zones – from the mild coastal
areas of the Brittany coast to extreme continental climate of inland. You also
have river valleys – think of the steeply sided, chalky Lot or the wide and
fertile Charente – and mountain tops – from the peaks of the Pyrenees to the
solid upland of the Massif Central.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So
you need to understand the climate and soil type of your own particular area to
garden well.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">A useful
starting point is to visit your local plant fairs. Here you will inevitably get
small armies of violently coloured perlagoniums and begonias, but you will also
find local independent nurserymen who may specialise in a particular plant
type, such as grasses or roses or who may simply have an eclectic mix of shrubs
and herbaceous plants which they have raised themselves. These people will be
an invaluable source of information – telling you what will grow in your region
and what planting conditions will suit the individual plants you buy. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-70zrF4RexP8/VxOTzi4GC9I/AAAAAAAAVbg/cmk1plcbDu4nw9oOVBBXiWSExi8wwLy1QCLcB/s1600/All%2Bthe%2Bfun%2Bof%2Bthe%2BFoire.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-70zrF4RexP8/VxOTzi4GC9I/AAAAAAAAVbg/cmk1plcbDu4nw9oOVBBXiWSExi8wwLy1QCLcB/s320/All%2Bthe%2Bfun%2Bof%2Bthe%2BFoire.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The annual plant fair in Monsegur, Gironde</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: large;">Local plant
fairs are widely advertised but are usually quite small and may incorporate
brocantes or vide greniers. However, you can get a bit more ambitions and go
further afield. I am a great fan of the twice yearly fair held in the grounds
of the chateau at Neuvic sur L’Isle. In the autumn they have a ‘Journée des Plantes”
and in spring the ’Jardin en Fete’. The town’s chateau is a horticultural
centre so there is usually a horticultural conference (attendance
non-obligatory) running at the same time. and there is also a very attractive
park running along the left bank of the river Isle which you can explore after
having lunch in the Chateau’s vaulted refectory. The two fairs are held in
autumn and spring respectively, with the next one taking place on Sunday April
24<sup>th</sup>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can find out more
at their web site: <a href="http://www.chateau-parc-neuvic.com/jardin.html" target="_blank">http://www.chateau-parc-neuvic.com/jardin.html</a></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p>The spring plant fair at Neuvic</o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The
aristocrat of French plant fairs is, of course, Courson. This plant fair is the
French equivalent of Chlesea Flower Show and is of international importance.
Confusingly<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the venue is no longer
Chateau de Courson and this year the spring fair will be held at Chantilly,
just north of Paris, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between the 13<sup>th</sup>
and 15<sup>th</sup> May. It is several years since I visited Courson and, to be
blunt, I felt that it did not live up to expectations. However, I understand
that since then it has grown in size and stature and I am extremely tempted to
visit this May’s show. Like Neuvic, a second show is held in the autumn. Visit <a href="http://www.domaine-de-courson.fr/journeesdesplantes" target="_blank">http://www.domaine-de-courson.fr/journeesdesplantes</a></span> to find out more.</span></div>
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Last year at Courson</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">There is an
excellent web site <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>called La Bouture
(the cutting) which has a diary page listing fairs and associated plant events
throughout France. You will find this at <a href="http://labouture.fr/agenda.html" target="_blank">http://labouture.fr/agenda.html </a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>and it
will give you dates of fairs and other horticultural events large and small. So
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L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-9408871287710374092015-02-03T03:49:00.000-08:002015-02-03T03:49:04.446-08:00BACK TO BASICSThe first thing to understand when taking on a new garden is the soil. Soil character and health are going to determine a big chunk of the garden's personality and it is important that you take this into account if you and your new garden are going to get along.<br />
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That being said, my new garden and I have had a challenging start - as this appears to be its personality:<br />
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Or maybe I have just chosen an unfortunate place to start digging.<br />
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There are two things to consider when analysing your soil - what its type is and acidity/alcalinity.<br />
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TYPE;<br />
This is, as you would expect, what it is made of. If your soil has very fine particles which bind together or which can be moulded into little shapes which hold together when the soil is damp (i.e. if you can roll it into a sausage between your fingers) then it is a clay soil. If it is very light and falls between your fingers even when damp then it is sandy. Sandy particles are big and clay particles are very fine. A third variety is silt, which is finer than sand but not as fine as clay.<br />
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Most soils are somewhere between the three and, beside the mineral content which determines the type there is usually a degree of humus from decayed plant matter. The ideal soil is structure is mid way between clay, silt and sandy and is a loam - ideally a silty loam which is the sort of soil you find on river flood plains. As example of this is the Garonne river valley, which is why that area is so fantastic for crops.<br />
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We have a clay soil. It is characteristic of the Entre Deux Mers region and helps give our wines their character. Clay soils are slow to warm up, hold water and are heavy and physically very hard to cultivate. On the plus side they retain water longer than a sandy soil, and are less likely to have nutrients washed out of them.<br />
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ACIDITY AND ALKALINITY:<br />
The mineral base of a soil can help determine how acidic it is - or not, as is the case with us. We have a soil which is clay over limestone and limestone is very alkaline. Again, this is typical of the wine growing area we live in and is also very common with clay. Think of heathland or moorland which has light, sandy soil - this has a tendancy to be acidic. Then think of the plants you find in these two places and you will see that they are very different. The alkalinity of our soil will determine what we can grow.<br />
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You can buy kits which test for the acidity and alkalinity of soil. The perfect soil is a silty loam with a pH (measure of acidity/alkalinity) of around 5.5 to 6. I once had oneof these - in Devon when we lived in the Otter river valley, and it was bliss. If you don't have a kit, then look at the plants which are growing around you naturally and that will give you a good indication of whether your soil veers towards acid or alkaline.<br />
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On our clay, alkaline soil the things that grow easily are brambles, elderberry trees, hydrangeas with pink flowers, weigeila, forsythia, virginia creepers, irises......chard, asparagus, grapes, peaches, cherries....the sort of things that we see in this part of France as a matter of course.<br />
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So....we have a clay soil, with limestone underneath. It doesn't appear to have a deep layer of top soil, so is going to need the addition of lots of humus and will love having various mulches applied to it.<br />
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Time to roll my sleeves up and get back to that wheelbarrow.<br />
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<br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-41928923385672462732015-01-11T09:53:00.003-08:002015-01-11T09:55:30.089-08:00UNDESIRABLE NEIGHBOURSWe have a couple of these........ firstly, in an umbrella pine in the garden there is a nest of pine processionary caterpillars (young caterpillars at this time of year). I first spotted it when out photographing the fabulous frosts we had last week.<br />
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This has got to go. They are a total menace and very dangerous, particularly to dogs or cats who have a natural curiosity, but also to people. The caterpillar gets its name from its behaviour. When the caterpillars emerge from the nests in spring they make their way across the ground in a procession as they look for somewhere to bury themselves beneath the ground and pupate. They are usually joined nose to tail as they process along the ground and look almost like a small snake as they wriggle across the grass.<br />
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The hairs on the caterpillar's body are highly irritating to the skin. A curious dog or cat (or a child) which touches one or, worse still, tries to pick them up in its mouth can suffer serious respiratory problems as the hairs irritate the animal's mouth and throat. You do not even have to touch the caterpillar. If it is stressed it can fire the hairs like mini harpoons. So - we appear to have only one nest and are going to cut it out and burn it.<br />
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Second problem neighbour is a nest of Asiatic hornets living high up in a (human) neighbour's poplar tree. These nests only become visible when the leaves fall off the trees in autumn, so there is no way our neighbour could have known about it until recently. Anyway, the whole village seems aware of the problem as our immediate (and very friendly) neighbour, another human, who is president of the village <i>chasse</i> (hunt) has already been to see us about it and explain that it is going to be 'removed'. The hornet's nest is a reminder to me to put out hornet traps very early this year. If you catch and kill a queen hornet on a warm February or March day you will stop the formation of one of these huge, rugby ball shaped nests.<br />
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Next blog is going to be on a more cheerful topic.</div>
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<br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-27635075649325540462015-01-02T05:34:00.000-08:002015-01-02T05:34:34.533-08:00Happy New Year....and the garden has movedWe have moved. We have sold our beloved Blanchet and bought a smaller house (4 400m2 garden) which will be better suited to us in our old age. The house is over 250 years' old and the garden is almost a blank canvas. There are 4 walnut trees, a fig tree and some more recently planted trees and shrubs. So here lies an opportunity. We have a garden to develop at our leisure, in a glorious, vineyard framed setting and I can document the process.<br />
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Meanwhile - it is cold. It reached -7C during the last couple of nights, so the garden will have had a healthy purge of pests and diseases. The scenery has been sensational with a hoar frost building up on trees, vines and grasses. Here is a photograph of our neighbour's garden which is up on a ridge to the north of us.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Kdu7mLGIZyQ/VKacipuikmI/AAAAAAAAAYI/I4o6dAVFJNM/s1600/IMG_7890.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Kdu7mLGIZyQ/VKacipuikmI/AAAAAAAAAYI/I4o6dAVFJNM/s1600/IMG_7890.jpg" height="172" width="640" /></a></div>
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My bees are still at Blanchet. The new owners have kindly let me leave them there until I decide on the exact location for the apiary. You can move a bee hive less than 3 yards or more than 3 miles - but nothing in between. This is because they navigate by landmarks and if they pick up on old landmarks they will try and return to the old site of the apiary and get lost. You have to make sure you have moved them either further than they would fly on an expedition (1.5 miles, approximately) or so that the hive is close enough to the old site for them to be able to find the new hive again. So once I have put the hives in place here, it would be a lengthy process to re-site them if I felt they were in the wrong place.</div>
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Watch this space for developments........</div>
<br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-32365162501778837092014-10-12T09:54:00.001-07:002014-10-12T09:54:31.362-07:00So this is what happens to all of those sunflowers.......<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Tk6ulWBR8Y4/VDqv6B3L3sI/AAAAAAAAAWs/dNN4ydavgHY/s1600/sunflowers-South-West-France.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Tk6ulWBR8Y4/VDqv6B3L3sI/AAAAAAAAAWs/dNN4ydavgHY/s1600/sunflowers-South-West-France.jpg" height="207" width="400" /></a></div>
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I read a letter to the Sunday Times last week from Lord Antony Rufus Isaacs and it has helped explain what happens to all of the sunflowers we see here every year. I have always semi resented the fact that they are a brief and beautiful blaze of glory and then, those of us who live in France all year round watch them blacken and dwindle, looking anything but pretty for the majority of the time. HOWEVER....here are some interesting sunflower observations:<br />
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<li>They are an icon of summertime in France, as everyone knows (see photo).</li>
<li>My bees love sunflowers which flower later in the year and so after the rush of flowers in May and June. I can watch them crawling over the surface of the huge seed heads extracting the nectar which makes a good quality set honey.</li>
<li>They are of course harvested in the autumn and their seeds are an important food source for us and for birds and other animals.</li>
<li>They are pressed to give sunflower oil</li>
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Now to Lord Isaacs' letter<br />
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Once the oil has been extracted, the spent husks are formed into pellets which have the same calorific value as wood pellets. These can be used to create energy with minimum environmental impact because the pellets are a by-product of something which has already been harvested for other purposes.<div>
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Lord Issacs pointed out that the UK currently imports 10 million tons of coal from Australia to burn in Drax and Eggborough power stations. The company he represents is trying to persuade the UK to use French and Ukranian sunflower pellets instead. I know that when he wrote the letter he was trying to sell the product that his company makes, but the point he made while doing it was an interesting one. We use wood pellets for heating in more and more homes in France - either in wood burning stoves or in central heating systems where, instead of a tank of oil, there is a silo of wood pellets as fuel. I had never realised that there was every possibility that the fuel being used could have been grown locally and be a by product of sunflower oil production.<br />
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L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-89707836164399865192014-02-27T11:58:00.002-08:002014-02-27T12:00:48.831-08:00THE PLIGHT OF AN ORGANIC WINEMAKERI am a member of the Dropt Valley Bee Keepers (or l'Association d' Apiculteurs du Vallee du Dropt) and our secretary Sally has sent the following link to us all together with a short explanation as to the background.<br />
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Emmanuel Giboulout is an organic winemaker who has refused to use a chemical (non-organic) treatment against a particular insect pest known in French as a cicadelle. This chemical is also highly toxic to honey bees and other important pollinating insects so its widespread use could be catastrophic to the ecosystem . Emmanuel uses organic alternatives to control the cicadelle and is aware that the insect is not a prevalent in his locality, so he is confident that his actions are not risking the livelyhood of other winemakers or are allowing the spread of the pest which is a vector for a vineyard disease called la flavescence dorée<br />
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Despite this, the authorities have launched a criminal prosecution against him and he faces jail or a massive fine. This sends several alarming messages to the world - it discourages organic farmers and smacks of disproportionality.<br />
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Please have a look at the video (in French) and, if you agree with his cause, sign a petition supporting his actions.<br />
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<a href="http://ipsn.eu/petition/viticulteur.php" target="_blank">http://ipsn.eu/petition/viticulteur.php</a><br />
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If you can't open the link above, please copy and paste it into a browser. Thank you.<br />
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<br />L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3536956302152595066.post-51823730470199295932014-02-15T03:28:00.001-08:002014-02-15T03:29:54.893-08:00HOW TO TRAP A HORNET - A PLEA FROM A BEE KEEPER<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">As soon as the weather begins to warm up in the spring queen hornets, who have kept a low profile all winter, start to appear. They are taking advantage of the warmer days to feed and look for a suitable site to create a nest in for the coming year. As a bee keeper this is an important time of year for me because a queen hornet trapped and killed now eradicates an entire colony later in the year. And if that queen happens to be an asiatic hornet then she is not an indiginous insect, but is one which is seriously upsetting our local eco-system, following the asiatic hornet's arrival in France in 2004.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">So - how do you (safely) trap a hornet. You can buy traps which are commercially made, or you can make them yourself from a couple of plastic bottles. There are lots of recipes for the bait which you put inside the traps; here are a few ideas on construction and priming of a trap.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> Monsieur Maillot, a
professional apiculturist who used to sell his honey in our local market gave me
instructions as to how to make an ecologically friendly trap. His trap is made from a plastic bottle
with the top third cut off. This is inverted and pushed back into the base to form a funnel. He
was very specific about dimensions. The hole at the bottom of the funnel had to be at least 7
millimetres in diameter, but no more than 8 millimetres wide. This makes it
large enough to admit an Asiatic hornet, but too small to admit (and kill) the
indigenous French hornet. At the side, above the level of any liquid, you need to to
make a hole 5 millimetres in diameter. This would be big enough to allow a wasp
to escape, but too small for the Asiatic hornet to get out of. Thus you are selectively trapping the invader without affecting the indigenous insect
population. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The base of the bottle is filled with about 2 inches of sweet
alcoholic ‘bait’. In recent years shandy – a mixture of beer and lemonade – has been the
bait of choice although white wine and pomegranate syrup can be used if your hornets are particularly sophisticated. My bee keeping companion, Monique, and
I found this most amusing as these ingredients make a very popular French
aperitif – a ‘kir’. We would be, in effect, inviting the invaders round for ‘<i>aperos</i>’! My own recipe is brown beer (I am a northern lass) combined
with the remains of a bottle of sweet white pudding wine, should you have some handy. This seems
irresistible to hornets and slugs, but doesn’t interest honey bees at all. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I find it helps to put some small stones (submerged by the liquid) in the bottom of the plastic bottle to help stop it blowing over.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">If you keep bees, you need to place at
least one trap by every hive, close to the entrance; and they have to be
checked regularly. If you don't have bee hives, put your traps in a warm spot or - if you have seen any hornet activity in your garden - put them there. Continue using the traps all year round. One fecund queen hornet caught on a warm winter’s
day means one less hornet’s nest in the spring, but at any time of year a reduction in the numbers of aggressive asiatic hornets is welcome. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Here is a photograph of an indiginous hornet (on the left) an asiatic hornet (in the middle) and a honey bee on the right. Just so you know what you are dealing with:</span></div>
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L'epouvantailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00197809881209453565noreply@blogger.com0